SCIENCE AND THE MODERN WORLD

            The miraculous inventions of science have revolutionized the modern world. If people living in eigtheeth or nineteenth century make a return visit to this planet, they will not believe their eyes: their first impression would be that the world they inhabited is now replaced by a world of magic. The fact of the matter is that recent developments in the field of science have converted the present world into a world of fantasy, the dreams of the older generations have become realities; their wildest imaginings have become hard boiled facts and their world of- make believe is now a living, buzzing object. The imposible has become possible through scientific progress.

            People were stunned by the invetion of the gramophone. They found it hard to believe that human voice could be captured and preserved on a record.then the radio pushed back the gramophone. People were still being dazed by the radio that televition was invented, which presents could easily be described as the materialization of a fairy tale. Man, himself, is surprised by his inventieness. This capacity for invention has created a new optimism in human beings. The invention has clearly istablished that man can exploit the naturalelement of fire, earth, air and water for essentially human purposes.

            Science has introduced many changes into our lives but two changes are the most prominent: sped and comfort. They are modern concepts and have bee made possible only on account of the advancement of science. Science has increased the speed of our operations.the work that took weeks and months for its completion is now done within hours. Take the example of the aero plane. On an aero plane one can travel over the world within twenty four hours. Efforts are being made to invent aero planes with even higher speed ad it can be reasonably expected that the time will be further reduced to twelve hours.

            Tune the radio and you can have instant information about happenings in the world. Matches or other interesting events all over the world can be shown on the television and we feel as if we are physically present at the spot where the events are taking place.

            In the old days sea voyage was a pretty dangerous enterprise. But the scientist have made it safe and secure for the millions of people who travel by sea. The ship is a mobile, floating house and has all the amenities of life. It is an ideal combination of home and hotel,. Thus science has taken the element of fear out of sea travel.

            Whit the help of te telephone we can communicate with people all over the world. Messages can be exchanged in the flash of a second. These inventions have made our lives comfortable. Electricity is a wonderful invention. It is useful for homes, offices and factories. It ferforms the job of hundred or thousand workers in an istant. We only have to press a button and than is done. It saves time in labor. In winter electric heaters keep them cool. In the dark nights electric bulbs out- shine even the stars. Electricity has given a neat and tidy system of lighting, free from smoke and bad smell. A button is flicked and the house is lighted up.

            The greatest benefit of science is that it has saved mankind from unnecessary destruction. Through the invention of drugs, it has facilitated the treatment and cure of many diseases. The X- ray can diagnose hidden maladies. A timely operation can snatch a man literally from the jaws of death. In short, it has made human life both fast and comfortable.

            Science however, has its disadvantages too, its disadvantages too. Its unblieveble progress has created many means of destruction, machines bring a number of benefits but they also bring accidents. Fatal weapons can exterminate the human race in on time. Atom bomb, hydrogen bomb, jet planes and missiles can spead havoc over vast territories. In the second World War a single atom bomb destroyed Hiroshima where thousand of people were killed, crippled and rendere homoless. Thepoisonous gases these bombs emit burn down the soil and make it uncultivable for years to come in this way these bombs are most rapid and dangerous means of human destruction. They annihilate in a flash populated towns and skyscrapers which men have taken years to rise.

            Even the most useful sciencetific inventions have done incalculable damage to human values. Scinces have propagated the cult of materialism. It has given a serious blow to spiritual values. Man is more concerned whit hs personal comport. His entire life pattern has become more artificial.

            It is true that science has changed concepts of time and space. It has explored the stars and the planet, that ithas increased the means of human comfort. But peace of mind has vanished like butter of the hot plate. Science has tought us fly in the air and swim in the water but it has not tought us how to life on the earth:” a sciencetist has captured the rays of the sun but the dark night of is life has not seen the dawn of enlightenment. He is exploring the orbits of the stars but he has failed to explore the world of his own thoughts.

      

TRANSLATION

ILMU PENGETAHUAN DAN DUNIA MODERN

            Sebuah keajaiban penemuan dari ilmu pengetahuan telah merevolusi dunia modern. Jika orang yang tinggal di abad delapan belas atau abad kesembilan belas melakukan kunjungan kembali ke planet ini, mereka tidak akan percaya dengan mata mereka: kesan pertama mereka akan dunia bahwa yang dihuni mereka kini digantikan oleh dunia sihir. Fakta dari masalah ini adalah bahwa perkembangan terakhir di bidang ilmu pengetahuan telah merubah dunia ini menjadi dunia fantasi, mimpi generasi tua telah menjadi kenyataan; imajinasi paling liar mereka telah menjadi fakta yang matang dan dunia membuat mereka percaya sekarang hidup, berdengung objek. kasuistik telah menjadi mungkin melalui perkembangan ilmiah.

            Orang-orang terkejut oleh invetion dari gramofon. Mereka merasa sulit untuk percaya bahwa suara manusia bisa ditangkap dan diawetkan pada record.then radio mendorong kembali gramofon. Orang-orang masih bingung dengan radio yang televition diciptakan, yang menyajikan mudah dapat digambarkan sebagai perwujudan dongeng. Man, sendiri, terkejut oleh inventieness nya. Kapasitas untuk penemuan ini telah menciptakan sebuah optimisme baru pada manusia. Penemuan ini telah jelas istablished bahwa manusia dapat mengeksploitasi naturalelement api, udara bumi, dan air untuk keperluan dasarnya manusia.

            Sains telah memperkenalkan banyak perubahan ke dalam kehidupan kita tetapi dua perubahan yang paling menonjol: melesat dan kenyamanan. Mereka adalah konsep-konsep modern dan telah lebah dimungkinkan hanya karena kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan. Ilmu pengetahuan telah meningkatkan kecepatan kerja operations.the kami yang mengambil minggu dan bulan untuk penyelesaiannya sekarang dilakukan dalam beberapa jam. Ambil contoh pesawat aero. Pada suatu satu pesawat aero dapat dijalankan di atas dunia dalam waktu dua puluh empat jam. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk menemukan pesawat aero dengan iklan kecepatan lebih tinggi itu dapat cukup diharapkan bahwa waktu akan berkurang menjadi dua belas jam.

            Tune radio dan Anda dapat memperoleh informasi cepat tentang kejadian di dunia. Cocok atau peristiwa menarik lain di seluruh dunia dapat ditampilkan di televisi dan kami merasa seolah-olah kita secara fisik hadir di tempat di mana peristiwa sedang berlangsung. Dalam perjalanan laut hari tua itu sebuah perusahaan cukup berbahaya. Namun ilmuwan telah membuat aman dan aman bagi jutaan orang yang bepergian dengan laut. Kapal adalah rumah, mobile mengambang dan memiliki semua fasilitas hidup. Ini adalah kombinasi yang ideal rumah dan hotel,. Jadi ilmu pengetahuan telah mengambil unsur ketakutan perjalanan laut Manfaat terbesar dari ilmu pengetahuan adalah bahwa ia telah menyelamatkan umat manusia dari kehancuran yang tidak perlu. Melalui penemuan obat, itu telah memfasilitasi pengobatan dan penyembuhan banyak penyakit.sinar X dapat mendiagnosa penyakit tersembunyi. Sebuah operasi yang tepat waktu dapat merebut seorang pria harfiah dari rahang kematian. Singkatnya, telah membuat kehidupan manusia baik cepat dan nyaman. Namun ilmu pengetahuan, memiliki kelemahan juga, kelemahan juga. kemajuan yang luar biasa telah menciptakan banyak berarti kehancuran, mesin membawa bilangan manfaat tapi juga membawa kecelakaan. Senjata yang membahayakan da[pat memusnahkan umat manusia dalam waktu singkat, bom atom, bom hydrogen , pesawat jet, dan peluru bisa menyebabkan kebinasaan dalam area sangat luas.

            Di perang dunia ke dua sebuah bom atom telah menghancurkan Hiroshima dimana ribuan manusia terbunuh. Menjadi lumpuh, dan membuat kuru kehilangan rumah. Gas yang beracun dari bom- bom tersebut membuat tumbuh-tumbuhan habis terbakar. Dan membuatnya tidak produktif untuk bertahun- tahun kedepan. Dengan ini semua maka bom-bom ini adalah kejahatan yang paling sering dan membahayakan. Dalam kerusakan populasi kota dalam sekejap serta gedung- gedung pencakar langit yang telah mereka bangun bertahun-tahun.

            Bahkan penemuan ilmiah yang berguna sekalipun telah menyebabkan kerusakan yang tidak dapat dihitung lagi. Kepada umat manusia. Ilmu pengetahuan telah menyebabkan terhadap materialisme, ini semua telah menyebabkan pukulan yang serius terhadap nilai- nilai spiritual, seorang akan lebih memperhatikan keamanan dirinya. Seluruh pola hidupnya menjadi lebih licik.

            Suatu fakta bahwasanya pengetahuan telah dirubah konsep waktu dan ruang. Ia telah menjelajahi berbagai bintang dan planet, yang mana telah meningkatkan arti kenyamanan manusia. Tetapi kedamaian fkiran tlah lenyap bagaikan mentega di atas p[iring yang panas. Ilmu pengetahuan telah mengajarkan kita untuk terbang ke udara dan menyelam kelautan. Akan tetapi dia tidak mengajarkan kita kita untuk hidup di bumi. Seorang ilmuan telah menguasai cahaya dan sinar- sinar dari matahari akan tetapi terlihat akan terbitnya fajar penerang, dia talah menjelajahi orbit-orbit, bintang- bintang akan tetapi dia telah gagal menjelajahi bumi dengan fitrah fikirannya sendiri.   

1. DEFINITION OF SCIENCE AND THE DIFFERENCE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

            Generally, we still find in the text books or daily concertation the term of science has two means: the first is ordinary science and the second is natural science the term of science is a translation of dutch science (natuurweternschappen). The term of science and natural science often used as a synonym.

            Etymological means of science is the study of structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world and society, aspecially through observation and experiment.

            People can not find the science while they do not observe and experiment on, because by the experiment man will find the basic theory of science.

            Science has increased fastlyas the technology has developed science and technology are both of regards, it can not destroyed. Because of their samerole to facilitate human actifity but science and tehnology are two different regard.

            As copied from Himmah Magazines, periode: December 2008 as Mr. H. Ahmad Suharto, S.Ag said that science is a knoeladge discuss about nature, taked from some process called by scientific mettode. Where as the technology is a knowledge and skill. It apply the science has beenat ranc. And technology has been at practical application ranc.

2. SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT

            Science has developed quicly. This development was marked by many facilities that was helped human duties. People knows about world activities directly by watching television or seeing the news in the internet. Straightway, a children can hear his mother voice in long distance from a telephone. More over, the telephone in this modern world was more simple and practice, it can brought whenever and wherever the people want.

            These inventions made and designed as peoples necessity. Human just press the button up of machines to make it done. Like a dispenser, just press the button up to make the water out and person can choose what kind of water that he want, or like a tractor that was helped farmers job. Many industries and factories has used the machinies in order to subtiting human job.

            How important science and tehnology for human life. But, it is also has a bad effect for themselves. Especially from information and communication technology and science.

             Science and technology of information and communication has a dangerious effect, especially for children aducation. For the example, internet can show many bad program for them. Like a pornography, bad word and other that can break children characteristic.

CONCLUSION

1. The inventions of science has made the impossible things become possible 

2. The invention has clearly istablished that man can exploit the naturalelement of fire,      earth, air and water for essentially human purposes.

3. Science has introduced many changes into our lives but two changes are the most prominent: sped and comfort.

4. Electricity is a wonderful invention. It is useful for homes, offices and factories. It ferforms the job of hundred or thousand workers in an istant.

5. The greatest benefit of science is that it has saved mankind from unnecessary destruction.

6. Science however, has its disadvantages too, its disadvantages too.

VOCABULARIES

Captured         : catch a person or an animal and keep them as a prisoner

Invention         : something invented

Exploit                        : to use or develop something, especially for profit

Enterprise        : ability to thing of new project

Exterminate     : kill all the members of group of people or animals

Electricity        : form of energy used for heating lighting driving machines etc…

Havoc              : widespread damage

Snatch                         : take or get something quickly

Spread             : extend the surface of sth by unfolding it

Skyscraper       : very tall building

Annihilate       : destroy sb/sth completely

Flick                : quick light blow

OPTIMISM

In every age and in every land, there have been optimists as well as pessimists; in every literature, these two views on life have developed and expressed themselves in different accents. But if we read a right story of the world, we find that in some nations optimism is the dominant note, while others develop a pessimistic bias.

Iqbal[1], has been pointed out, has been profoundly influenced by the philosophy of the great German poet philosopher, Goethe.

The dominant note of European poetry and philosophy is that of optimism: it always triumph over pessimism and cynicism. The famous German philosopher, Leibnitz was the first to express in philosophical terms the optimistic view to life and Schopenhauer was the first German philosopher in the west to build his philosophy on pessimism. In 1877, James fully wrote a book entitled ‘pessimism’ in which he discussed optimism and pessimism, in their philosophical bearings. He concludes the inquiry with the mark that optimism and pessimism are deep-rooted tendencies of the human mind and that both are needed for social uplift, the former pointing to an ideal and the latter critically examining the means to that end.

In our view, optimism is two kinds: first, there is the easy, self-complacent variety of optimism which always foolishly believes that something good will finally come out of evil. Those who hold this kind of optimism view on life often say that whatever God does he does for the best.

Secondly, there is the reasoned type of optimism, founded on discretion and wisdom. Careful consideration of consideration of fact and balanced conclusion reached in the end. The second type of optimism characterizes as a wise man’s attitude toward life.

At the conclusion of the First World War in 1918, when the League of Nation was set up, people became optimistic about the future of the world; they thought that eternal peace would dawn. With the declaration of the second war in 1939, people relapsed into pessimism and lost faith in the league of Nation. Again, with the setting up of the United Nation Organization, the nation of the world, great and small, are in the full tide of faith and hope and optimism. As in international affairs so in private life, optimism, alternates with pessimism. Hopes with fears, joys with sorrows. Life is, in fact, a long struggle; dark and difficult is the way.

The crown of success is at the journey’s end. Optimism and pessimism are, indeed, relative term; One cannot exist without something of the other. The sufferings of misfortune drive the weaker minds into pessimism; and the pessimist votes life a failure. But the stronger folk in the world are in the majority; they look facts in the face, weigh them in the balance and at long last develop the reasoned optimism, which  is to them a source of never – failing strength and inspiration. Suicide is the last refuge of a pessimist; the ideal of making life and, if possible, best  is the optimist’s constant urge as well as aspiration.[2]

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[1] Sir Muhammad Iqbal, 1875-1938, Indian Muslim poet, philosopher and political leader, who advocated the establishment of separate nation of Indian Muslim and Hindus and is generally regarded as originator of Pakistan.

[2] Imam Bahroni , MA, MLSc, Learning Advance English, (Ponorogo: PISID AZHAR, 2008). Hal. 71-73

There are in the world two types of men who have two distinct attitudes towards life, some men look to the bright side of life, they are full of hope and are not easily cowed by disappointment and failures in life. They are the optimists. And there are others who always look to the seamy side of life. They are full of disgust with life. They would put wrong construction on every little incident of life and read into it the curse of God. They are pessimists. An optimist is sometimes defined as one who believes that this world is the best of all possible worlds. While a pessimists is described as one who believes that this world is the worst of all possible world.

Hukum Memakai Lensa Mata Berwarna untuk Kecantikan dan Gaya

          Syaikh Shalih bin Fauzan hafizhahullah, ditanya tentang hokum memakai lensa mata berwarna untuk tujuan mempercantik penampilan dan gaya, dengan catatan harganya cukup mahal? Dalam jawabannya, beliau menyatakan,”memakai lensa mata karena ada keperluan, tidak masalah. Tapi jika tidak ada keperluan, maka lebih baik tidak memakainya, terutama jika harganya sangat mahal, karena penggunaannya dapat dianggap israf (berlebih-lebihan) yang diharamkan. Terlebihlagi ada unsure penyamaran dan penipuan, karena menampilkan mata bukan dalam bentuknya yang asli, padahal tidak ada alas an untuk melakukannya.”

            Syaikh Ibnu ‘Utsaimin rahimahullah, menjelaskan masalah masalah ini seperti berikut,”mengenai penggunaan lensa mata, harus berkonsultasi lebih dulu kepada dokter, apakah memiliki efek negative terhadap mata atau tidak? Jika menimbulkan efek negative terhadap mata, maka tidak boleh memakainya karena ada bahaya yang dapat mengenai mata. Pada prinsipnya, setiap setiap bahaya yang merugikan badan adalah terlarang. Ini berdasarkan firman Allah adalah Maha Penyayang kapadamu.”(An-Nisa’:29)

            Tapi jika dokter memutuskan bahwa lensa mata tidak memiliki efek negative dan tidak membahayakan mata maka kita harus mempertimbangkannya sekali lagi. Apakah lensa tersebut membuat mata wanita yang memakainya tampak seperti mata binatang? Contohnya mirip dengan mata kambing atau mata kelinci. Jika seperti itu, maka tidak boleh memakainya karena ada kemiripan dengan hewan. Persoalanya, kemiripan dengan hewan yang diungkapkan teks-teks Al-Qur’an dan Sunnah hanya dalam arti celaan dan perintah agar menjauhinya.

            Sebagai contoh adalah firman Allah Swt,” dan bacakanlah kepada mereka berita orang yang teklah Kami berikan kepadanya ayat- ayat kami (pengetahuan tentang isi Al- Kitab), kemudian dia melepaskan diri dari pada ayat- ayat itu, lalu dia diikuti olah setan (sampai dia tergoda), maka jadilah dia orang yang sesat. Dan kalau Kami menghendaki, sesungguhnya Kami tinggikan derajatnya dengan ayat- ayat itu, tetapi dia cenderung pada dunia dan menurutkan hawa nafsunya yang rendah. Perumpamaan mereka seperti anjing. Jika kamu menghalaunya, diulurkannya lidahnya dan jika kamu membiarkannya dia mengulurkan lidahnya juga.”(Al-A’Raf: 175-176)

            Kesimpulannya, jika lensa tersebut membuat mata tampak mirip dengan mata hewan, maka haram memakainya.. tapi jika tidak mengubah mata, melainkan hanya warna mata, dari hitam pekat menjadi kurang hitam atau warna lainnya, maka tidak masalah. Dan, tidak termasuk kategori mengubah kodrat ciptaan Allah, karena lensa mata tidak permanen sehingga tidak dapat disamakan dengan tato. Setiap saat, lensa dapat dicopot. Lensa lebih mirip dengan kaca mata meskipun jelas- jelas terpisah dari mata dibang=ding dengan lensa yang langsung menempal dimata.

            Tapi apa pun keadaannya, jika wanita tidak menggunakanya maka itu lebih baik, labih utama dan lebih aman bagi matanya sendiri dari bahaya. Yang penting, ketika hendak memakainya, harus harus dipertimbangkan secara seksama seperti yang kami terangkan di atas.”

            Inilah penjelasan Syaikh Ibnu ‘Utsaimin berkaitan dengan fatwa- fatwa beliau yang direkam dalam kaset yang berjudul Taujihaat lil Mu’minat (nasihat- nasihat bagi wanita- wanita beriman.

Puasa pada Bulan Muharram

Abu Hurairah yang berkata, “Rasulullah bersabda:

أَفْضَلُ الصِيَامِ بَعْدَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ شَهْرُ اللهِ المُحَرَّمِ وَ أَفْضَلُ الصَّلاَةِ بَعْدَ الفَرِيْضَةِ صَلاَةُ اللَّيْلِ.

”puasa yang paling utama setelah puasa Ramadhan adalah puasa di bulan Muharram dan sholat paling utama setelah shalat wajibadalah shalat malam.” (HR Muslim)

Adapun yang disunnahkan berpuasa pada hari ke-9 dan ke-10. Jika sesorang belum berpuasa pada hari ke-9, hendaknya ia berpuasa pada hari ke-10 dan ke-11. Jika berpuasa sehari sebelumnya (hari ke-9) dan dan juga hari sesudahnya (hari ke-11) maka itu lebih sempurna dan lebih besar pahalanya.

Hadist disunnahkan berpuasa pada hari ke-9 dan ke-10:

صُوْمُوْا التَّاسِعَ و العَاشِرَ، وخَالِفُوْا اليَهُوْدَ.

“berpuasalahpada hari ke-9 dan ke-10, serta selisihilah kaum yahudi.” (HR Al-Baihaqi)

Hadist Abu Qatadah. Didalamnya disebutkan bahwa Nabi bersabda:

... وَصِياَمُ يَوْمِ عَاشُوْرَاءَ اَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللهِ اَنْ يُكَفِّرُ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ.

“ dan (dalam) puasa hari asyura, aku berharap kepada Allah itu dapat menebus dosa dari tahun sebelumnya.” (HR Muslim).

Tingkatan puasa asyura ada 3, yaitu:

1.      Melengkapi puasa dengan puasa sehari sebelumnya dan sesudahnya. (jadi, berpuasa tiga hari: tanggal 9,10,dan 11 Muharram)

2.      Berpuasa pada tanggal 9 (tasu’a) dan 10 (asyura) sebagaimana yang paling banyak disebutkan dalam hadits.

3.      Hanya berpuasa pada tanggal 10 Muharram.

Dikutip dari buku: BukuPintar Puasa Sunah, terjemahan dari Ash-shaum fil islam fi dhau’il kitab was sunah bab shiyamut tathawwu’, Sa’id Al-Qahthani, AQWAM Anggota SPI (serikat penerbit islam) Solo.