How to Teach Adults a Foreign Language

Learning a foreign language tends to be a bit more difficult for adults than for children, but it’s still doable. You might have to change your approach a bit to teach an adult rather than a child. Follow these steps to teach adults a foreign language:

1.      Be prepared for diversity. your adults could range in ages, from a 19- year- old who wants to earn college credit to an 80-year- old who is just trying to keep his or her mind sharp. Your adults might also come from a variety of backgrounds, and English may or may not be their first language.

2.      Express enthusiasm. Adults who sign up for a foreign language class want to learn,and it will be more exciting for them if you are enthusiastic about the material. Make learning a new language fun, and they will try harder.

3.      Create a safe, comfortable environment. Adults who are learning a new language may feel self- conscious and scared that they will make a mistake. Create a learning  enviroinment in which they can feel comfortable making mistakes. Teaching anyone a foreign language can be difficult, but adults will be more open to learning if they feel safe and comfortable in the classroom.

4.      Use repetition. Create work sheets and exercises for students so they can practice different vocabulary words, verb tenses, and phrases in this new foreign language.

5.      Practise with real- life examples. Teach adult students the vocabulary for words they would use in everyday situations. They should learn things like how to ask for the bathroom or directions, items in a grocery or drug store, how to rent an apartement, or anything else that relates to their real life. Adults learning a foreign language are often doing so because they think it will be relevant to their lives, so when you’re teaching them, make sure you include the vocabulary they will need to use in the language.

6.      Create problems for your students to solve. Have them pretend to go to a grocery store in the classroom. Their challenge is to spend a certain amount of money, find all the items they need, and aks for help in the foreign language if they need it. Problem solving will make the foreign language seem more real to them.

7.      Practice. It will be easier to teach an adults a foreign language if they are using the language as much as possible. You may have to create opportunities for them to practice.

o   Create opportunities for conversation. Have students make up a dialogue with another student. Aks them to carry on a conversation about something they have in common and to use a certain number of vocabulary words.

o   Ask and answer questions. This will force students to listen to what you’re saying in the foreign language and to respond.

8.      Immerse your students in the language. if feasible, take them on a trip to the country where the language is spoken. If this is not possible, make it a rule that everyone has to speak the language when they are in your classroom. The best way for adults to learn a foreign language is for them to be completely immersed in it.

Vocabularie:

o   Adults                         : Orang dewasa

o   Foreign            : Asing

o   Bit                   : kekang

o   Approach        : mendekat

o   Rather             : agak/ lebih/ cukup

o   Diversity         : perbedaan

o   Earn                 : mendapat

o   Sharp               : kelebihan

o   Exciting           : menggairahkan

o   Safe                 : aman/ tidak berbahaya

o   Environment   : lingkungan

o   Conscious        : sadar

o   Grocery           : toko penjual bahan makanan

o   Drug                : obat

o   Relates                        : menceritakan

o   Relevant          : bersangkut paut

o   Pretend            : berpura-pura

o   Challenge        : tantangan

o   Spend              : mengeluarkan/ membelanjakan

o   Opportunities  : peluang

o   Carry               : membawa

o   Common         : keadaan yang biasa

o   Force               : kekuatan/menguatkan

o   Immerse          : membenamkan

o   Feasible           : mungkin

SCIENCE AND THE MODERN WORLD

            The miraculous inventions of science have revolutionized the modern world. If people living in eigtheeth or nineteenth century make a return visit to this planet, they will not believe their eyes: their first impression would be that the world they inhabited is now replaced by a world of magic. The fact of the matter is that recent developments in the field of science have converted the present world into a world of fantasy, the dreams of the older generations have become realities; their wildest imaginings have become hard boiled facts and their world of- make believe is now a living, buzzing object. The imposible has become possible through scientific progress.

            People were stunned by the invetion of the gramophone. They found it hard to believe that human voice could be captured and preserved on a record.then the radio pushed back the gramophone. People were still being dazed by the radio that televition was invented, which presents could easily be described as the materialization of a fairy tale. Man, himself, is surprised by his inventieness. This capacity for invention has created a new optimism in human beings. The invention has clearly istablished that man can exploit the naturalelement of fire, earth, air and water for essentially human purposes.

            Science has introduced many changes into our lives but two changes are the most prominent: sped and comfort. They are modern concepts and have bee made possible only on account of the advancement of science. Science has increased the speed of our operations.the work that took weeks and months for its completion is now done within hours. Take the example of the aero plane. On an aero plane one can travel over the world within twenty four hours. Efforts are being made to invent aero planes with even higher speed ad it can be reasonably expected that the time will be further reduced to twelve hours.

            Tune the radio and you can have instant information about happenings in the world. Matches or other interesting events all over the world can be shown on the television and we feel as if we are physically present at the spot where the events are taking place.

            In the old days sea voyage was a pretty dangerous enterprise. But the scientist have made it safe and secure for the millions of people who travel by sea. The ship is a mobile, floating house and has all the amenities of life. It is an ideal combination of home and hotel,. Thus science has taken the element of fear out of sea travel.

            Whit the help of te telephone we can communicate with people all over the world. Messages can be exchanged in the flash of a second. These inventions have made our lives comfortable. Electricity is a wonderful invention. It is useful for homes, offices and factories. It ferforms the job of hundred or thousand workers in an istant. We only have to press a button and than is done. It saves time in labor. In winter electric heaters keep them cool. In the dark nights electric bulbs out- shine even the stars. Electricity has given a neat and tidy system of lighting, free from smoke and bad smell. A button is flicked and the house is lighted up.

            The greatest benefit of science is that it has saved mankind from unnecessary destruction. Through the invention of drugs, it has facilitated the treatment and cure of many diseases. The X- ray can diagnose hidden maladies. A timely operation can snatch a man literally from the jaws of death. In short, it has made human life both fast and comfortable.

            Science however, has its disadvantages too, its disadvantages too. Its unblieveble progress has created many means of destruction, machines bring a number of benefits but they also bring accidents. Fatal weapons can exterminate the human race in on time. Atom bomb, hydrogen bomb, jet planes and missiles can spead havoc over vast territories. In the second World War a single atom bomb destroyed Hiroshima where thousand of people were killed, crippled and rendere homoless. Thepoisonous gases these bombs emit burn down the soil and make it uncultivable for years to come in this way these bombs are most rapid and dangerous means of human destruction. They annihilate in a flash populated towns and skyscrapers which men have taken years to rise.

            Even the most useful sciencetific inventions have done incalculable damage to human values. Scinces have propagated the cult of materialism. It has given a serious blow to spiritual values. Man is more concerned whit hs personal comport. His entire life pattern has become more artificial.

            It is true that science has changed concepts of time and space. It has explored the stars and the planet, that ithas increased the means of human comfort. But peace of mind has vanished like butter of the hot plate. Science has tought us fly in the air and swim in the water but it has not tought us how to life on the earth:” a sciencetist has captured the rays of the sun but the dark night of is life has not seen the dawn of enlightenment. He is exploring the orbits of the stars but he has failed to explore the world of his own thoughts.

      

TRANSLATION

ILMU PENGETAHUAN DAN DUNIA MODERN

            Sebuah keajaiban penemuan dari ilmu pengetahuan telah merevolusi dunia modern. Jika orang yang tinggal di abad delapan belas atau abad kesembilan belas melakukan kunjungan kembali ke planet ini, mereka tidak akan percaya dengan mata mereka: kesan pertama mereka akan dunia bahwa yang dihuni mereka kini digantikan oleh dunia sihir. Fakta dari masalah ini adalah bahwa perkembangan terakhir di bidang ilmu pengetahuan telah merubah dunia ini menjadi dunia fantasi, mimpi generasi tua telah menjadi kenyataan; imajinasi paling liar mereka telah menjadi fakta yang matang dan dunia membuat mereka percaya sekarang hidup, berdengung objek. kasuistik telah menjadi mungkin melalui perkembangan ilmiah.

            Orang-orang terkejut oleh invetion dari gramofon. Mereka merasa sulit untuk percaya bahwa suara manusia bisa ditangkap dan diawetkan pada record.then radio mendorong kembali gramofon. Orang-orang masih bingung dengan radio yang televition diciptakan, yang menyajikan mudah dapat digambarkan sebagai perwujudan dongeng. Man, sendiri, terkejut oleh inventieness nya. Kapasitas untuk penemuan ini telah menciptakan sebuah optimisme baru pada manusia. Penemuan ini telah jelas istablished bahwa manusia dapat mengeksploitasi naturalelement api, udara bumi, dan air untuk keperluan dasarnya manusia.

            Sains telah memperkenalkan banyak perubahan ke dalam kehidupan kita tetapi dua perubahan yang paling menonjol: melesat dan kenyamanan. Mereka adalah konsep-konsep modern dan telah lebah dimungkinkan hanya karena kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan. Ilmu pengetahuan telah meningkatkan kecepatan kerja operations.the kami yang mengambil minggu dan bulan untuk penyelesaiannya sekarang dilakukan dalam beberapa jam. Ambil contoh pesawat aero. Pada suatu satu pesawat aero dapat dijalankan di atas dunia dalam waktu dua puluh empat jam. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk menemukan pesawat aero dengan iklan kecepatan lebih tinggi itu dapat cukup diharapkan bahwa waktu akan berkurang menjadi dua belas jam.

            Tune radio dan Anda dapat memperoleh informasi cepat tentang kejadian di dunia. Cocok atau peristiwa menarik lain di seluruh dunia dapat ditampilkan di televisi dan kami merasa seolah-olah kita secara fisik hadir di tempat di mana peristiwa sedang berlangsung. Dalam perjalanan laut hari tua itu sebuah perusahaan cukup berbahaya. Namun ilmuwan telah membuat aman dan aman bagi jutaan orang yang bepergian dengan laut. Kapal adalah rumah, mobile mengambang dan memiliki semua fasilitas hidup. Ini adalah kombinasi yang ideal rumah dan hotel,. Jadi ilmu pengetahuan telah mengambil unsur ketakutan perjalanan laut Manfaat terbesar dari ilmu pengetahuan adalah bahwa ia telah menyelamatkan umat manusia dari kehancuran yang tidak perlu. Melalui penemuan obat, itu telah memfasilitasi pengobatan dan penyembuhan banyak penyakit.sinar X dapat mendiagnosa penyakit tersembunyi. Sebuah operasi yang tepat waktu dapat merebut seorang pria harfiah dari rahang kematian. Singkatnya, telah membuat kehidupan manusia baik cepat dan nyaman. Namun ilmu pengetahuan, memiliki kelemahan juga, kelemahan juga. kemajuan yang luar biasa telah menciptakan banyak berarti kehancuran, mesin membawa bilangan manfaat tapi juga membawa kecelakaan. Senjata yang membahayakan da[pat memusnahkan umat manusia dalam waktu singkat, bom atom, bom hydrogen , pesawat jet, dan peluru bisa menyebabkan kebinasaan dalam area sangat luas.

            Di perang dunia ke dua sebuah bom atom telah menghancurkan Hiroshima dimana ribuan manusia terbunuh. Menjadi lumpuh, dan membuat kuru kehilangan rumah. Gas yang beracun dari bom- bom tersebut membuat tumbuh-tumbuhan habis terbakar. Dan membuatnya tidak produktif untuk bertahun- tahun kedepan. Dengan ini semua maka bom-bom ini adalah kejahatan yang paling sering dan membahayakan. Dalam kerusakan populasi kota dalam sekejap serta gedung- gedung pencakar langit yang telah mereka bangun bertahun-tahun.

            Bahkan penemuan ilmiah yang berguna sekalipun telah menyebabkan kerusakan yang tidak dapat dihitung lagi. Kepada umat manusia. Ilmu pengetahuan telah menyebabkan terhadap materialisme, ini semua telah menyebabkan pukulan yang serius terhadap nilai- nilai spiritual, seorang akan lebih memperhatikan keamanan dirinya. Seluruh pola hidupnya menjadi lebih licik.

            Suatu fakta bahwasanya pengetahuan telah dirubah konsep waktu dan ruang. Ia telah menjelajahi berbagai bintang dan planet, yang mana telah meningkatkan arti kenyamanan manusia. Tetapi kedamaian fkiran tlah lenyap bagaikan mentega di atas p[iring yang panas. Ilmu pengetahuan telah mengajarkan kita untuk terbang ke udara dan menyelam kelautan. Akan tetapi dia tidak mengajarkan kita kita untuk hidup di bumi. Seorang ilmuan telah menguasai cahaya dan sinar- sinar dari matahari akan tetapi terlihat akan terbitnya fajar penerang, dia talah menjelajahi orbit-orbit, bintang- bintang akan tetapi dia telah gagal menjelajahi bumi dengan fitrah fikirannya sendiri.   

1. DEFINITION OF SCIENCE AND THE DIFFERENCE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

            Generally, we still find in the text books or daily concertation the term of science has two means: the first is ordinary science and the second is natural science the term of science is a translation of dutch science (natuurweternschappen). The term of science and natural science often used as a synonym.

            Etymological means of science is the study of structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world and society, aspecially through observation and experiment.

            People can not find the science while they do not observe and experiment on, because by the experiment man will find the basic theory of science.

            Science has increased fastlyas the technology has developed science and technology are both of regards, it can not destroyed. Because of their samerole to facilitate human actifity but science and tehnology are two different regard.

            As copied from Himmah Magazines, periode: December 2008 as Mr. H. Ahmad Suharto, S.Ag said that science is a knoeladge discuss about nature, taked from some process called by scientific mettode. Where as the technology is a knowledge and skill. It apply the science has beenat ranc. And technology has been at practical application ranc.

2. SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT

            Science has developed quicly. This development was marked by many facilities that was helped human duties. People knows about world activities directly by watching television or seeing the news in the internet. Straightway, a children can hear his mother voice in long distance from a telephone. More over, the telephone in this modern world was more simple and practice, it can brought whenever and wherever the people want.

            These inventions made and designed as peoples necessity. Human just press the button up of machines to make it done. Like a dispenser, just press the button up to make the water out and person can choose what kind of water that he want, or like a tractor that was helped farmers job. Many industries and factories has used the machinies in order to subtiting human job.

            How important science and tehnology for human life. But, it is also has a bad effect for themselves. Especially from information and communication technology and science.

             Science and technology of information and communication has a dangerious effect, especially for children aducation. For the example, internet can show many bad program for them. Like a pornography, bad word and other that can break children characteristic.

CONCLUSION

1. The inventions of science has made the impossible things become possible 

2. The invention has clearly istablished that man can exploit the naturalelement of fire,      earth, air and water for essentially human purposes.

3. Science has introduced many changes into our lives but two changes are the most prominent: sped and comfort.

4. Electricity is a wonderful invention. It is useful for homes, offices and factories. It ferforms the job of hundred or thousand workers in an istant.

5. The greatest benefit of science is that it has saved mankind from unnecessary destruction.

6. Science however, has its disadvantages too, its disadvantages too.

VOCABULARIES

Captured         : catch a person or an animal and keep them as a prisoner

Invention         : something invented

Exploit                        : to use or develop something, especially for profit

Enterprise        : ability to thing of new project

Exterminate     : kill all the members of group of people or animals

Electricity        : form of energy used for heating lighting driving machines etc…

Havoc              : widespread damage

Snatch                         : take or get something quickly

Spread             : extend the surface of sth by unfolding it

Skyscraper       : very tall building

Annihilate       : destroy sb/sth completely

Flick                : quick light blow

OPTIMISM

In every age and in every land, there have been optimists as well as pessimists; in every literature, these two views on life have developed and expressed themselves in different accents. But if we read a right story of the world, we find that in some nations optimism is the dominant note, while others develop a pessimistic bias.

Iqbal[1], has been pointed out, has been profoundly influenced by the philosophy of the great German poet philosopher, Goethe.

The dominant note of European poetry and philosophy is that of optimism: it always triumph over pessimism and cynicism. The famous German philosopher, Leibnitz was the first to express in philosophical terms the optimistic view to life and Schopenhauer was the first German philosopher in the west to build his philosophy on pessimism. In 1877, James fully wrote a book entitled ‘pessimism’ in which he discussed optimism and pessimism, in their philosophical bearings. He concludes the inquiry with the mark that optimism and pessimism are deep-rooted tendencies of the human mind and that both are needed for social uplift, the former pointing to an ideal and the latter critically examining the means to that end.

In our view, optimism is two kinds: first, there is the easy, self-complacent variety of optimism which always foolishly believes that something good will finally come out of evil. Those who hold this kind of optimism view on life often say that whatever God does he does for the best.

Secondly, there is the reasoned type of optimism, founded on discretion and wisdom. Careful consideration of consideration of fact and balanced conclusion reached in the end. The second type of optimism characterizes as a wise man’s attitude toward life.

At the conclusion of the First World War in 1918, when the League of Nation was set up, people became optimistic about the future of the world; they thought that eternal peace would dawn. With the declaration of the second war in 1939, people relapsed into pessimism and lost faith in the league of Nation. Again, with the setting up of the United Nation Organization, the nation of the world, great and small, are in the full tide of faith and hope and optimism. As in international affairs so in private life, optimism, alternates with pessimism. Hopes with fears, joys with sorrows. Life is, in fact, a long struggle; dark and difficult is the way.

The crown of success is at the journey’s end. Optimism and pessimism are, indeed, relative term; One cannot exist without something of the other. The sufferings of misfortune drive the weaker minds into pessimism; and the pessimist votes life a failure. But the stronger folk in the world are in the majority; they look facts in the face, weigh them in the balance and at long last develop the reasoned optimism, which  is to them a source of never – failing strength and inspiration. Suicide is the last refuge of a pessimist; the ideal of making life and, if possible, best  is the optimist’s constant urge as well as aspiration.[2]

---

[1] Sir Muhammad Iqbal, 1875-1938, Indian Muslim poet, philosopher and political leader, who advocated the establishment of separate nation of Indian Muslim and Hindus and is generally regarded as originator of Pakistan.

[2] Imam Bahroni , MA, MLSc, Learning Advance English, (Ponorogo: PISID AZHAR, 2008). Hal. 71-73

There are in the world two types of men who have two distinct attitudes towards life, some men look to the bright side of life, they are full of hope and are not easily cowed by disappointment and failures in life. They are the optimists. And there are others who always look to the seamy side of life. They are full of disgust with life. They would put wrong construction on every little incident of life and read into it the curse of God. They are pessimists. An optimist is sometimes defined as one who believes that this world is the best of all possible worlds. While a pessimists is described as one who believes that this world is the worst of all possible world.